Peer-to-peer lending or P2P is the method of lending cash to people who
are not related to the lender. This kind of lending usually takes place online
and does not involve any financial institution.
There are several P2P lending websites and they use various credit
checking tools to determine the borrower's eligibility for the loan.
What risks are involved?
P2P loans are 'unsecured personal loans' made to individuals who have
not put up collateral. Remember that the
lender will not receive any government protection for his/her investments.
However, they can reduce their risk by selecting the 'right' borrowers and
diversifying their investment among different borrowers.
Aren't they risky?
Yes, these loans carry a high amount of risk as they are not secured.
However, if you take a look at the default rates of these loans on P2P websites
you can see that most borrowers repay.
Borrowers are expected to have a decent credit score to qualify for
these loans. The interest rates usually depend on the borrower's credit
history. Higher risk borrowers will have to pay higher interest rates.
Borrowers who are considered low risk will be eligible for low interest rates.
These kinds of lending companies are now being watched by the
Securities and Exchange Commission and many of them have obtained SEC's full
approval.
Transparency
P2P websites conduct their business in a transparent way. The investor
will have access to complete information on each loan prior to investing their
money. It is true that these loans are unsecured, but the lender can reduce
their risk by lending small amounts to many different borrowers. Credit card
loans, too, are unsecured loans, but that hasn’t stopped banks from offering
them. Just like credit card loans, P2P loans, too, are reported to credit
agencies. So a borrower who fails to repay the loan will damage his/her credit
score.
Who operates these loans?
P2P lending is a for profit online business. It generates income by
collecting fees from borrowers on the funded loans. The website may also
collect a fee from the investor. These websites are fully automated, so they
don’t have to employee many people. This reduces their operating expenses.
Consequently, they can pass some of these benefits on to the borrower by
offering lower interest rates. While at the same time, they help lenders earn
higher interest rates
Right now, P2P is a fast growing investment opportunity. Even
investment bankers from traditional lending institutions are joining these P2P
websites as lenders, investors and board members. This clearly indicates that
the new lending platform is gaining credibility.
The bottom line
Even traditional banks find peer-to-peer lending attractive. That is a good
reason for an investor to consider this lending platform. You can reduce your
risk by investing small amounts. Also, instead of lending the whole amount to
one borrower, you can divide the money into smaller sums and lend them to different
borrowers. This reduces your risk because all of your borrowers are unlikely to
default.
Traditional bank deposits offer lower interest rates and that is the
reason investors are turning to alternative investment opportunities. While P2P
lending has its own risks, the returns are good enough to attract many
investors.
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